Saturday, October 30, 2010

Heterological / Autological - Grelling–Nelson paradox



Suppose one interprets the adjectives "autological" and "heterological" as follows:

1. An adjective is autological (sometimes homological) if and only if it describes itself. For example "short" is autological, since the word "short" is short. "English," "unhyphenated" and "pentasyllabic" are also autological.
2. An adjective is heterological if it does not describe itself. Hence "long" is a heterological word, as are "abbreviated" and "monosyllabic."

All adjectives, it would seem, must be either autological or heterological, for each adjective either describes itself, or it doesn't. The Grelling–Nelson paradox arises when we consider the adjective "heterological". To test if the word "'beautiful" is autological one can ask: Is "beautiful" a beautiful word? If the answer is 'yes', "beautiful" is autological. If the answer is 'no', "beautiful" is heterological.

By comparison, one can ask: Is "heterological" a heterological word? If the answer is 'yes', "heterological" is autological (leading to a contradiction). If the answer is 'no', "heterological" is heterological (again leading to a contradiction, because if it describes itself, it is autological).

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some autological words

(Ask the question: Is foo a foo word?)

Reasonably clearly autological words
polysyllabic
pentasyllabic
English (also Saxon, Afrikaans etc.)
unhyphenated
adjectival
descriptive
understandable (also understood)
(also comprehensible, intelligible)
unambiguous
pronounceable
readable (also read, processed)
writable
used (also useful)
invented (also coined)
common
definable (also defined)
describable
repeatable
translatable
classifiable
memorizable
forgettable
unphonetic
unique
real
existant
ordered (also structured)
spelled
synthetic (also man-made)
known (also well-known)
grandiloquent (also grandiose)
(also bombastic, logorrheic)
formal
olde
post-Renaissance (also postdiluvian etc.)
sesquipedalian
latinate
Hellenic
cool
finite
dactylic
esdrújula (Spanish)
considerable
uncustomary
inflected
meaningful (although Jacques Barzun would disagree)
attributive (attributes to nouns the property of being attributive)
referential (when used as an adjective, refers to a noun)
adjective (meaning 'dependent', not standing by itself)
avoidable (it is possible to av... er, I mean refrain from using it)
rhyming (rhymes with 'timing' for example)
literary (also published)
sophisticated
esoteric (also recondite)
recherché
abstract (also intangible)
sibilant (also hissing?) (vague section of onomatopoeic words starts here)
glottal
plosive
nasal (also orinasal)
numberless (vague section of negative words starts here)
asexual (unlike French words, English words are asexual)
inoffensive
harmless
uninspiring
nontrivial
nonpalindromic (also asymmetric, chiral)
unabbreviated
heterogeneous (although with all those e's it could be more so)
slang (also slangy) (OED has this as from cant (jargon of a class) origin)
abecedarian
redundant (is this redundant because superfluous means the same thing?)
superfluous (is this superfluous becase redundant means the same thing?)
supererogatory (another word meaning about the same as redundant/superfluous)
anagramatic (again art mat)
sizeable
wee (Scottish sense)
li'l (surprisingly, is in the OED)
aforementioned (?) (this has been mentioned before)
time-consuming (?) (it takes time to say, time to decide if its an autological word etc.)
single (?) ('single' is a single word)
literal (?)
chatty (?)
dreamy (?)
wishy-washy (?)
iffy (?)
fanciful (?)
quirky (?)
unemotional (?)
plain, bland (?)
boring, stodgy (?)
www.segerman.org/autological.html

sniglet
floccinaucinihilipilificatious
obscurantist
igpay atinlay
iamb
link
obfuscatory
listed
nonpalindromic
logorrheic
grandiloquent
anagramatic
supererogatory
plosive
glottal
sibilant
chiral
attributive
abstruse
recherché
sesquipedalian
olde
wee
awkward
l33t
tla
foo
semordnilap
spondee
trochee
nominalization
hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian
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